المشاق Al-mashaq Kesusahan Hardship	ترخيص Tarkhīs Lesen Licence /authorization/ Clearance /permissiveness Discount/ price cut/ Exemption from a burden or jurisdiction/ official permission	ملاذا Malaza Suaka/ Perlindungan Resort/ refuge/shelter/ asylum/ sanctuary/ haven/ place for protection syn. ( ملجأ)	صارت Menjadi Become/turn into/ Reach the stage/ Syn. (صار : أصْبَحَ)	تداولها Tadāwula Edaran/ Sirkulasi Circulation/ Deliberation Tadāwala Study/ Confer/ Consult/ Discuss/ Exchange views
المعتبرة Al-mu’tabarah Significant, One that taken into consideration/ Respectable/ presumed Syn. (هام, ذو أهمية, معتبر, ذو مغزى, خطير, جليل)	المعتادة Al-mu’tadatu Biasa Usual/ customary/ accustomed/ familiar/ regular/ habitual/ frequent	الطاقة At-taqatu Tenaga Energy/ Capability/ Power (to do things) Ability to hold/ Courage in pain/ State of being competent	يؤدي Yu’addi Membawa kepada Lead/	العجز Al-‘ajzu Defisit Disability/ Infirmity/ Invalidism/ Impotence/ Powerless/ Failure/ incapacity
مطلوبة Matlubat Diperlukan Required/ Wanted/ Desired/ In demand/ Wish/quest/ Sought/liabilities	تحديد Tahdid Penentuan Determination/ Definition/ Identification/ Assignment/ Designation/ confirmation	اعتباره I’tibar Pertimbangan Consideration/ Account/ Regard/ Learning a lesson from/ Opinion/ account	خلال Khilal Melalui Through/over/ During/ within/ Throughout the course of duration	استقراء Istiqra’ Induksi Induction/ Thorough examination/ Investigation/ Exploration/ Scrutiny
ورد Warrada Import/ Bring in/ Arrive/ come/ Be appear/be said/	مصنفات Musonnafat Buku karangan Literature	المتقدمين	جادت Jadat Murah hati Be generous/be so kind/ Earnest/ meaningful	مرجحين Murajjihin Dijangka Likely/ probable/ predominant
استقر Istaqarra Stabil/mantap Settle down/ steady/ Constant/ stable/ Normal/orderly/ smooth	والبرهان	ولكي In order to/ So that	مطية Matiyyah Tunggang/naik Animal use for riding/mount/ Riding animal	اختار Ikhtar Pilih Choose/Select/ prefer
الخوض Al-Khawdu Menyelidik/ Menggali To get into something/ Getting involved in something/ Dive into/ Embark upon	التفصيل At-tafsil Perincian Detailing/ Elaboration/ Particularization	دقيقا Daqiqan Tepat Accurate/ Precise/ Careful/exact/  correct	الإحاطة Al-ihatatu Mengelilingi Surround/ Framing/ Circling/ Confinement/ Enclosure/ wrapping	بكنهه What it might be
المعيار Al-ma’yar Tanda aras Benchmark/ Criterion/ Standard/measure/ gauge	السليم	للمركب Lil murakkabun Composite/ Combine/ Complex/ Component/	الاضافي Al-Idafiyy Extra/ Further/additional/ Added/ Overtime/ accessory	الاضافي
وسوف Akan	انتهاء Intiha’i Waktu berakhir Ending/ Expiration/ Conclusion/ Coming to an end/ close	بترجيح Bitarjih Pemberat Chances/ Favouring/ preferance	إجرائي Ijra’i Procedural/ Practical/	عرف Arrafa Define/ Determine/ Fix/ Pinpoint/ Specify/ Notify/ to tell about
انطلاقا Intilaaqan On the basis of/ Preceeding from/	ثبت Tsabbata Buktikan Prove/ Affirmity/ Give clear proof/ Be certain	لاشتهر La’isytahar The best known	متأكدة Mutaakid Certain/clear	تقتضي Taqtadiy Yang diperlukan required
ربطها Rabt/rabat Terkait/berkaitan/ Link/connect/ Relate/bind//tying Attach/fasten	مجملها Mujmal Secara keseluruhan Abstract/outline/ Summary	شيوع Shuyu’ Sifat biasa/sifat keawaman Commonness/ Publicity/ Spreading/ Circulation/	يصعب Yas’ubu Difficult/complicate	المرء Mar’u Man/ A person/ Fellow citizen
التخلص At-takhallusu Membuang/ Pelupusan Disposal/get riddance	يتعذر Yata’azzara Susah atau membelakangi/ Mustahil/ Impossible to Achieve/ Unattainable	مجمل	ركزت Rakkaza Fokus Implant/ Concentrate/ Stress/ highlight	بحث pencarian
الاستغناء Istighna’ Dispensing with/ reunication	والتلبس Talbis Coat/facing To be dress/ To be clothed/ To cover	الانفكاك Al-infikak Pengunduran/ Pelepasan Disengagement Disinsertion/ breakaway	الموضع Al-mawdi’u Posisi Position/place/ Object/site/	ابتلاء Ibtila’u Affliction/ Pain/distress/ Suffering/trial/ Ordeal/ tribulation
الدفع Ad-daf’u Pembayaran Pay/coercion/ Compulsion/ Force/ Violation/ Discharge/ Clearing/	فقيد Faqidu Missing/ Lost/ Lacking/ Not existing	محاولة Muhawalah Cubaan Try/attempt/ A turn/ bid	تقتضي	المقترح Al-muqtaraha Yang diusulkan/ Cadangkan Proposed/ Suggestion/ recommended
استنتاج Istintaj Kesimpulan Conclusion/ Inference/ Deduction/ reasoning	الشكل Asy-syaklu Dalam bentuk Form/shape/ Format/ Formally/ Way/ configuration	التالي At-tali Seterusnya/ Berikutnya Next/ Following	انتشاره Intisyar Penyebaran Spread/prevalence/ Propagation/ Diffusion/ dispersal	افتراضية Iftiradiyya Virtual/ Hipotesis/ Fictitious/ Artificial/ presumptive
متوقعة Mutawaqqi’ah Secara tiba-tiba/ Tidak dijangka/ Unexpected/ Anticipating/ Awaiting/ Waiting for	الحصول Al-husul Mendapatkan Get/procuration	ماكانت Ma kanat Apa yang	الملحة Al-malihatu Segera Urgent/ Pressing/ Imperative/ Exigent/ insistent	ينصرف Yansarafa Menyahkan Abandon/ Abstain from/ Scram/ Clear off/ takeoff
والملجئة Mulji’ah Refuge/ Orphan/ hideaway	مجانبته Mujanib Hampir/ Bersebelahan Adjacent/ Close/ neighbouring	مفارقته Mufaraqah Paradox/ Departure/ Detachment/ Leaving/ parting	إتيانه	تأَتَى datang
لما	غالب Ghalib Menang Victor/ Struggle with/ Predominant/ Mostly/ Very often	تمام sempurna	ومبررات Mubarrarat Pembenaran Justification/ Reasonable ground	مستقل Mustaqil Bebas Independent/ Autonomous/ Self-govern
مطلب Matlab Permintaan Demand/ Claim/ Postulate/ Something believed as true/ Case/ matter/ subject	يكتفون Yaktafun Berpuas hati satisfied	معرض Mu’arradun – Liable/ Exposed to/ Prone to/ subject to/ Ma’ridu – exhibition	ارتبط Irtabat Has been linked/ Be bound/ Connect/join/ Accompany one another/ Be united/	تضمن Tadman Termasuk Include/ Contain/ Assume/ cover
تعليلات Ta’lilat Keterangan explanantion	ملازم Mulazim Adherent/ Follower/ helpful	حاشيته Footnote	يتحقق Yatahaqqaqu Actualize/ Be correct/ Ascertain/ Be right/ be proven/ Valid/verify	تنفك disjointed
المعتادة Almu’tada Biasa Usual/ Customary/ Habitual/ Normal	يدركه Yudrikhu Menyedari Realize/ Comprehend/ Grasp/ know	المجموع Al-majmu’ Semua orang/ Keseluruhan Total/ All persons/ accumulated	الطرف At-torfu Hujung/pihak Party/side/ Tip/edge/ End/extremity/ Apex/ point	تفاهة Tafahah Hal yang amat biasa Insignificance/ Silliness/ Smalls
يتصف Yattasifu Yang dicirikan dengan Categorized by/ Be marked by	بالقلة Bilqillatu Sedikit/tak ramai Few/rarity/ Dearth/ infrequency	والمسامحة Al-musamahah Pengampunan Favour/leave/ Pardon/ lenience/ forgiveness by God	مقتضى Muqtadiyan Sesuai/diperlukan Appropriate/ Requisite/ Needed/proper/ Due/ necessary	ونزارته
وإيثار Ithar kepemurahan	التوسعة Tawsi’at Pengembangan Ampleness/ Having plenty spaces/ Ease/ state of wide/ abundance	ينتضح Yantadihu Wet/moisten/ Leak/ Showering/ Sprinkling/ Perspire/drip/ infiltrate	مستعملا Musta’malan Used/ Applicable/ Carried out/ Accepted/ Adopted/ effective	إدراجه Idraj Insertion/ Enrolment/ Admission/ Listing
سياق Siyaq Context/ Helping to fix the meaning/ Connection/ sequence	تعليل Ta’lil Keterangan Explanantion/ justification	الحائض Haid mestruation	لندرة Nudrah Kekurangan Deficiency/ Dearth/ Insufficiency/ lack	والانتشار Al-intisyar Spreading
وامتداد Imtidad Perpanjangan Expansion/ Dilation/ Stretch/ Extent/ elongation	شأن Sya’n Kepentingan Importance/ Condition/ Situation/state/ Case/concern/ matter	محظور Mahzur Terlarang Forbidden/ Illicit/ unlawful	اتفاقا Ittifaqan Sebulat suara/ Persetujuan Agreement/ Concordance/ Conformity/ congruence	المحصر Penghalang Blocker/ Limitation/ Restrict/ Monopolize/ Keep within limits
التحلل Tahallul Dissolution/ Disintegration/ detachment	يمتد Yamtaddu Melanjutkan Extend/ Dilate/wider/ Expand/spread/ outstretch	يولد Yulad Menghasilkan/ Melahirkan Generate/ Beget/spawn/ Trigger/prompt	يطيل Yutilu Memperpanjang Lengthen/ Drag/elongate/ Extend/add to	متكررة Mutakarriratu Pengulangan Frequent/ Repeated/ Most frequent
تستهلك Penggunaan Consume/ consumption	قارب Qaraba Menghampiri Approach/ Come near/ Get close	يبيح permit	فاقتران Faqtiran Gabungan Coupling/ Conjugation/ wedding	جهة Jihah Sisi Side/area/ locality
يستغنى Yastaghna Membuat tanpanya/ Tanpa adanya Manage without/ Get along without/ No need	أعلى top	ضمن Doman Within/ Embody/ Enclose/ Include/ Insert/ incorporate	تصريحا Tasriha Permit/ Statement/ declaration	الرجعة Al-raj’ah pulangan state of returning/ reverting/ coming back/ recurrence
قُصد	لُحُوق Asal:lahiqa Tangkap/capai Take/reach Affect/ Adhere to	تطليقتين Two divorce	الموصي Al-mawsi pewasiat	والورثة Alwarthatu Ahli waris inheritors
الغالب Al-gholib Biasanya/ kebanyakan	يستقل Asal istaqalla Ambil ringan Underestimate/ Belittle	بذاته	وتنوع	للتمثيل Representation/ Comparison/ Depiction/ exemplification
فصلوا	استنتاج	اقتفى	تابع follow	أدرجه
مسمى Musamma Called/ Named/ designated	يبتعد Drift away/ Leave/ part	جلى clear	إعادة Restoration/ Repetition/ reestablishment	ربط link
تكرار Buat atau sebut berulang kali Repetition/ Saying from the beginning frequentive	نفس	حسب	صراحة Saraha Jelas/terus terang Clarity/ Clearness/ Purity/openly frankly	أشار Pointed out/ reference
لعاب Lu’ab Air liur	يتبناه	وامتداد Extension	رغم Meskipun/ Despite of	ساقها Drive/urge on/ leg
جُل Julla Bulk/ Maximum/ Major part/ Most part/ majority	أشرنا	مشتملا Musytamilan Inclusive/ Comprising/ Containing/ covering	استهله	معنيي
اعتمد	تناول Get/obtain/ discuss	مضطراً	مؤثرا influential	التفاتة remeh
اتحاد Union/ federation	منفردة Singly/solitary	تصلح	أشرنا	مرجعيات reference
السن Point/tip/age	وحل	شأن	استجمع	فيما يلي
يوجز	اختصار	مُخل	نزار	عائد
غياب ketiadaan	مقياس Ukur Yardstick/ Meter/ counter	محدودة	فينبغي	يعتمد
حتمية Tidak dapat dielakkan	مقدار Amount/ Magnitude/ volume	قيدٍ manageble	الإشكال	يفوت
التنويه Hint/ Mention/ Reference/ tribute	نصيب Share/ Portion/ Luck/ Chance	عاود Coming back/ reoccur	وضبطه	يُنتفع
مجزء splitter	غنى Kaya/ abundance	معتاد usual	سقوط Falling downfall	النفساء Darah nifas
استقلال	بالك	تفرقا Dispersed/ Divide/ separate	أضاف	تلوث Pencemaran contamination
الدهانين Painter/ coating	لأصبغة Pewarna dies	الحائل Bar/barrier/ Obstacle/ Hindrance/ obstruction	المُمل The one who dictates/ Boring/dull	البيئية
مناخية Climatic/iklim	ضباب Fog/mist	الأعاصير	الزلازل	وسرح
سرده Narrated/ Giving account/ cite	العوامل	الأعذار	تعيينا	سياق
رشاش Spray/ sprinkle	الغبن Cheating/ Deceit/ Unfairness/ Detriment/ injustice	المعاوضات compensate	خلَّاف	تقصير
مخل Crowbar/lever/ Disobedient/ Against/ Contrary to	الجديع Cut off/ amputate	الإجمال	الإيجاز	سلس Fluid/ Docile/ Mild/ flexible
لإحاطة mengelilingi	اقتفاء	الزرقا	عجالة Tergesa-gesa haste	بيع الوفاء
خاطب	بغلبة Predominant/ Prevalent/ triumph	ينطوي Melibatkan Carry/ involve	وينضوي Gt:digolongkan Almaany: Wear/rosak	موطنها
نقطتين	نزارة	الاستجمار Purification with stone	يدركه	نابعة Berpunca/ Berasal/ Stemming Originating/ emerging
فيشق Yashq Belah Cleave/cut/ Amputate/ Slit/ Omit/ break open Rip/tear	لتظافر Tuzafir Aid/ Triumphant/ Supported/ Victorious/ Winner/ vanquisher	السالفة Salifah Sebelum Antecedent/ Earlier/ Previous/ former	بصدد Sadada Facing/ In front/ Opposite to/ Vis-à-vis/ Gather/fester/ Concern/matter	المقل ( نَظَرَ إلى) Melihat kepada Look at/ regard
خلُص (خَلَصَbebas/ Bebas pencemar/ bersih)	تزخر Tazakkhara Dipenuhi overflow	صولة Soulah Serangan Attack/ Assault/ Authority/ power	جاعلا Bribe/ Corrupt/ (جاعَلَ) Make/ Render (جَاعِلِ)	الموالي Almuwali Loyalist/ Partisan/ Freed-slave/ sympathizer
مستنيرا Mustantira Enlightenment/	المقترح Al-muqtarah The proposed/ Suggested	ائتلافها I’tilaafiha Persetujuan Agreement/ Harmony/ combination	يعطينا Memberikan kita	فرصة Fursah Chance/ opportunity
استخلاص Sama dengan istintaj Abstraction/ Extraction/ Getting out/ Conclusion/ discovery	تحويه isinya	يَصبُوا Incline to	تدخُّل	مبنا Building/ structure
تثمر fruitful	المعطوف Ma’tuf Joined together/ Curved/bent	تَرَادُفيٍ Tandem o-o	يُلحق Menangkap/ Menambah/ Appendix/ supplement	ثَمَ another
المنتقي Muntaqi Pemilih selector	يتكرر	فكان	المستحاضة Mustahaada istihadah	نازلة Nazilah Kecelakaan Calamity/ Mishap/ accident
التذكير Tazkir reminding	بتوافر Bitawafar Banyak Plenty/ Much/many/ Flow/increase	ذاتها Same itself	مُتوهما imagining	متحققا Mutahaqqaqan Ascertainment/ Assurance/ Sureness/ verification
توهمية Tuhammiya Angan Fanciful/ Delusion	مجردة Mujarradah abstract	المرخص Al-murakkhas Dibenarkan Admissible/ Allowed by law	لأجله For him/ Owing to	توهم Tawahham Fancy/ Conceive/ Assume/ imagine
وثيق Wathiq Close/ Intimate/ Firm/solid	معتبر	ينتفي Yantafi Menafikan/ Menidakkan negate	تناط Tanat Dipercayai Entrusted for	يحيل Alter/change/ Stop from happening
الآبق Pelarian Fugitive/escapee	والناشزة Tidak bersetuju/ Melawan/benjol Discordant/ Protruding/ Shrew/ inharmonious	للمكس Maks Caj/cukai Charge/fee	منوطة Manutah Yang terletak hak Charged with/ Commission to do/ Committed to/ Entrusted with/ Dependent on	تباح Maka hendaklah
نقيس Naqis Ukuran Measure/ Gauge/scale	مواطن Muwatin Citizen/ subject	مندوحة Manduha Tidak dapat dielakkan Inevitable/ Choice/option/ alternative	الجافة Al-jaffah Kering Dry/arid	دلكت Diurut Massage/rub out/ knead
العمد Al-‘amdu Tujuan Purpose/ Intention/ wilfulness	تلطيخ Taltikh Nyahwarna/ Ubah warna Discoloration/ Staining/ smearing	تعمد Intentionally/ Wilfulness/	الخف Khuff Sandal/ selipar	تعاطي Ta’aati Penyalah-gunaan/ Exercise/ addiction
يبيح	سلك Salaka Melalui Follow/ Pass through	لغرض Gharad Tujuan Purpose/aim/ Goal/intent	جليا Jaliyan Jelas sekali Obviously/ evidently	ما جاز لعذر بطل بزواله
مقيدة Muqayyadah Terhad Restricted/ Limited/bound/ Limited/tied/	بمدة Bimuddah Tempoh Duration/ Extension/ Term/interval/ period	ارتفع Irtafa’a Naik Rise up/ Soar/climb/ Mount/lift	قيدا Qiida Kekangan Constrain/ limitation

Useful lists of Verses

Here's some useful lists of Quranic verses that mentioned and relates the concept of permissible-prohibition in Islam.

1. Surah Al-Baqarah (2: 168)

يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ كُلُوا مِمَّا فِي الْأَرْضِ حَلَالًا طَيِّبًا وَلَا تَتَّبِعُوا خُطُوَاتِ الشَّيْطَانِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ

2. Surah Al-Baqarah (2: 172-173)

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُلُوا مِنْ طَيِّبَاتِ مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ وَاشْكُرُوا لِلَّهِ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ إِيَّاهُ تَعْبُدُونَ (۱٧۲) إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةَ وَالدَّمَ وَلَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ بِهِ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ وَلا عَادٍ فَلا إِثْمَ عَلَيْهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (۱٧۳)

3. Surah Al-Maidah (5: 2-5)

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تُحِلُّوا شَعَائِرَ اللَّهِ وَلا الشَّهْرَ الْحَرَامَ وَلا الْهَدْيَ وَلا الْقَلائِدَ وَلا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ يَبْتَغُونَ فَضْلا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَرِضْوَانًا وَإِذَا حَلَلْتُمْ فَاصْطَادُوا وَلا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ أَنْ صَدُّوكُمْ عَنِ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ أَنْ تَعْتَدُوا وَتَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الْبِرِّ وَالتَّقْوَى وَلا تَعَاوَنُوا عَلَى الإثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ
3. حُرِّمَتْ عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَيْتَةُ وَالدَّمُ وَلَحْمُ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَمَا أُهِلَّ لِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ بِهِ وَالْمُنْخَنِقَةُ وَالْمَوْقُوذَةُ وَالْمُتَرَدِّيَةُ وَالنَّطِيحَةُ وَمَا أَكَلَ السَّبُعُ إِلا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ وَمَا ذُبِحَ عَلَى النُّصُبِ وَأَنْ تَسْتَقْسِمُوا بِالأزْلامِ ذَلِكُمْ فِسْقٌ الْيَوْمَ يَئِسَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ دِينِكُمْ فَلا تَخْشَوْهُمْ وَاخْشَوْنِ الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الإسْلامَ دِينًا فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ فِي مَخْمَصَةٍ غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لإثْمٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
4. يَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا أُحِلَّ لَهُمْ قُلْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَمَا عَلَّمْتُمْ مِنَ الْجَوَارِحِ مُكَلِّبِينَ تُعَلِّمُونَهُنَّ مِمَّا عَلَّمَكُمُ اللَّهُ فَكُلُوا مِمَّا أَمْسَكْنَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَاذْكُرُوا اسْمَ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ سَرِيعُ الْحِسَابِ
5. الْيَوْمَ أُحِلَّ لَكُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتُ وَطَعَامُ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ حِلٌّ لَكُمْ وَطَعَامُكُمْ حِلٌّ لَهُمْ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ إِذَا آتَيْتُمُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ مُحْصِنِينَ غَيْرَ مُسَافِحِينَ وَلا مُتَّخِذِي أَخْدَانٍ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِالإيمَانِ فَقَدْ حَبِطَ عَمَلُهُ وَهُوَ فِي الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ

4. Surah Al-Maidah (5: 87-88)

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تُحَرِّمُوا طَيِّبَاتِ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَلا تَعْتَدُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يُحِبُّ الْمُعْتَدِينَ - 87 وَكُلُوا مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ اللَّهُ حَلالا طَيِّبًا وَاتَّقُوا اللَّهَ الَّذِي أَنْتُمْ بِهِ مُؤْمِنُونَ -88

5. Surah Al-A'raf (7: 157)

157. الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الرَّسُولَ النَّبِيَّ الأمِّيَّ الَّذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالإنْجِيلِ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ وَيُحِلُّ لَهُمُ الطَّيِّبَاتِ وَيُحَرِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْخَبَائِثَ وَيَضَعُ عَنْهُمْ إِصْرَهُمْ وَالأغْلالَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ فَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا بِهِ وَعَزَّرُوهُ وَنَصَرُوهُ وَاتَّبَعُوا النُّورَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ مَعَهُ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

6. Surah An-Nahl (16:14)

(14). وَهُوَ الَّذِي سَخَّرَ الْبَحْرَ لِتَأْكُلُوا مِنْهُ لَحْمًا طَرِيًّا وَتَسْتَخْرِجُوا مِنْهُ حِلْيَةً تَلْبَسُونَهَا وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ مَوَاخِرَ فِيهِ وَلِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

Now, let us take a look at the translation of each verse.

[Al-Baqarah 168]: O you people! Eat what is on earth, lawful and good; and do not follow the footsteps of the Evil One, for he is to you an avowed enemy.

[Al-Baqarah 172-173]: O you who believe! Eat of the good things that We have provided for you, and be grateful to Allah, if it is Him you worship. He has only forbidden you dead meat, and blood, and the flesh of swine, and that on which any other name has been invoked besides that of Allah. But if one is forcedby necessity, without wilful of disobedience, nor transgressing due limits, - then is he guiltless. For Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.

[Al-Maidah 2-4]: O you who believe! Violate not the sanctity of the symbols of Allah, nor of the sacred month, nor of the animals brought for sacrifice, nor the garlands that mark out such animals, nor the people resorting to the Sacred House, seeking the bounty and good pleasure of their Lord. But when you are clear of the Sacred Precincts and of pilgrim garb, you may hunt and let not the hatred of some people in (once) shutting you out of the Sacred Mosque lead you to transgression (and hostility on your part). Help you one another in rancour: fear Allah: for Allah is strict in punishment.

(3) Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which has been invoked the name of other than Allah; that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by being gored to death; that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal; unless you are able to slaughter it (in due form); that which is sacrificed on stone (altars); (forbidden) also is the division (of meat) by raffling with arrows: that is impiety.

(4) They ask you what is lawful to them (as food). Say: Lawful unto you are (all) things good and pure: and what you have taught your trained hunting animals (to catch) in the manner directed to you by Allah: eat what they catch you, but pronounce the name of Allah over it: and fear Allah; for Allah is swift in taking account.

(5) This day are (all) things good and pure made lawful unto you. The food of the People of the Book is lawful unto you and yours is lawful unto them.

[Al-Maidah 87-88] 87- O you who believe! Make not unlawful the good things which Allah has made lawful for you, but commit no excess: for Allah loves not those given to excess.
88 - Eat of the things which Allah has provided for you, lawful and good; but fear Allah, in Whom you believe.

[Al-A'raf 157] 157 - Those who follow the Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, whom they find mentioned in their own (Scriptures), in Law and the Gospel; - for he commands them what is just and forbids them what is evil; he allows them as lawful what is good (and pure) and prohibits them from what is bad (and impure); he releases them from their heavy burdens and from the yokes that are upon them. So it is those who believe in him, honour him, help him, and follow the light which is sent down with him - it is they who will prosper.

[An-Nahl 14] It is He Who has made the sea subject, that you may eat thereof flesh that is fresh and tender, and that you may extract therefrom ornaments to wear; and you see the ships therein that plough the waves, that you may seek (thus) of the bounty of Allah and that you may be grateful.

This can be summarized by this table:

Surah/Ayat	Keywords
Al-Baqarah (2) – 168; 172-173	3 Verses
168	Halal, toyyiban, syaitan
172	Toyyib, things are pure and good
173	haram, dead animal, blood, flesh of swine, except for necessity
Al-Maidah (5) – 3-5; 87-88	7 Verses
3	Dead meat, blood , not mentioned Allah’s name, dead by strangling, fall, violent blow, gored, partly eaten, for sacrifice stone and raffling arrows
4	Halal are that good and pure; pronounce Allah’s name when hunting, and permissible to eat their catch
5	Good things and pure are halal and the food of the People of the Book
87	Don’t make lawful unlawful and vice versa
88	Eat what Allah provided, the permitted and good
Al-A’raf (7) – 157	1 verse
157	Lawful – things that good and pure
An-Nahl (16) – 14	1 Verse
14	Permissibility of fish

10 Nilai positif Muslim Produktif

oleh Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid

2 hrs ·

Untuk menjadi seorang muslim pro-aktif dan berfungsi membentuk zaman mereka, dicadangkan 10 nilai positif ini harus diterapkan.

(1) mengarahkan segala aktiviti hidup untuk mencapai matlamat agung iaitu mengapai redha Allah,

(2) tidak sesekali bertolak ansur mengenai prinsip hidup Islam, jauh sekali mengadai nilai agama,

(3) menjaga identiti muslim secara menyeluruh bukan muslim kosmetik, ianya dapat dilakukan dengan dua perkara i. Sentiasa melihat pencapaian orang lain dengan tujuan mengukur pencapaian sendiri, ii. Mengukur secara berkala pencapaian peribadi dan sumbangan terhadap masyarakat,

(4) menjadi muslim yang tidak menghambakan diri kwpada harta, alat, kepalsuan dan kealpaan,

(5) tidak mudah mengalah dalam menghadapi setiap cabaran, hanya orang yang gila sahaja yang tidak mempunyai masalah,

(6) merasa bangga apabila menunaikan tanggungjawab, rasa bangga bukan kerana mendapat upah dari kerja sebaliknya bangga kerana berjaya menyumbang kepada manusia,

(7) jelas matlamat hidup, matlamat peribadi atau matlamat masyarakat,

(8) berusaha mencapai matlamat yang telah digariskan, tidak suka bertangguh dan malas,

(9) sentiasa berfikir secara logik, fakta dan sedikit emosi, tindakan yang dibuat adalah hasil perancangan,

(10) ingin menjadi dan dikenali sebagai seorang yang sukakan kejayaan kerana hanya orang yang berjaya sahaja mampu masuk syurga.

Kembali Menulis 2016!

Selamat Hari Raya Maaf Zahir dan Batin!

Ah, it has been quite a while, never write pretty much anything since 2015!

Anyway, it feels good to be back, Yeah! Alrighty then, I want to make things clear now. First, I am sorry because after this, I will write in non-academician/scholar tone. (I tried to be scholarly, but I can't help myself to liberate my inner self) In fact, you gotta be free right? Plus, I will use both English and Malay interchangeably as I please. Hehe, I warn ya! Bahasa rojak, or whatever you call it, I'm using it. This is a blog, not a journal. Muahaha.

I'll writing more crazy stuffs. I wish I can keep this promise. Oh, before I go further, let me tell you what drives me to re-blogging. Honestly, I almost abandoned it, as I have no more idea what to tell/write about.

The reason is: Shingeki no Kyojin!

As you can see on top of the homepage (the banner), I put faces of two characters of Shingeki no Kyojin/Attack on Titan (will abbreviated as SnK afterward) if you know, Levi Ackerman and Erwin Smith (the dude in the middle is something else-LOL) as long as I'm not replacing it. I also put a picture of costume player of Survey Corps uniform (Chosa Heidan) with the emblem replace with my varsity's emblem as currently I so much inspired by the series in order to survive the world of academia. SnK made me come back to write.

Well, SnK is nothing new if you're an otaku. Prior to SnK, I watched Naruto but I no longer interested (up to 151th episode - where Naruto and Sasuke battle each other) to Shippuden series, and quit because the dramatic change of Kishimoto's artwork. I felt like someone else is drawing it.

Since then I'm not really watching or reading any sort of manga/anime, and I felt I'm too old for that. But in 2013, once again, I 'infected' with anime. I hope this is final and the last anime I ever watched/read. Anime can be inspiring but at the same time can be depressing as well. My friend, by the name Qayyum, came into my room and opened his laptop without explanation and the word he just said was. "You better watch this. You'll gonna like it." He is a hardcore otaku, he always brag so much about his favourite anime, but nothing come to my attention. This was in 2013.

That's was the first episode of SnK. IT WAS SUPER AWESOME. The story was COOL, the effects are COOL, the soundtrack is SUPER COOL! Who can resist to hear the full opening of WIR SIND DIE JAEGER? Tell me!!! It is a story of human struggle to fight monstrous "titan" that corner humanity into annihilation! However, as the anime progresses, this anime is really something else.

Hear this: If you find any character that is kind, cheerful and you start to like them, and guess what, they'll die.

Because of the dramatic storyline of the series, I decided to watch until episode 15, because the first season anime released only 25 episodes in total, that is reserving 10 more episodes until I have the feel to watch it. The season 2 of the series is confirmed to be released in Summer 2017! Therefore like this blog, I almost abandoned it, and didn't follow the story until June 2016.

It was because I'm sick to hear rumours that circulated over time that - Armin Arlert - yes, my ultimate favourite character died. I brave myself to read the Chapter 82, and I almost in denial that Armin Arlert killed fighting the Colossal Titan. I mean, how can someone who started everything would die? Haha. I just can't accept that. It was at this point, I rewatched including the 10 episodes that I spared to get full understanding of the situation. Even Armin fate is to be like that, at least I would like to know that his life is worth to be sacrificed. Screw you, Isayama!

I even posted in facebook after reading 82:

"I'm sorry spoiler alert. I personally think that it would be a big and grave mistake for Hajime Isayama if Armin Arlert died in the chapter 82 battle. I know I am a huge fan of Armin (because of his characteristic: he started weak and inferiority complex but gradually developed, his speech is eloquent and full of meaning, his intelligence to deduce strategy both advantage and weakness impressing the higher up such as Commander Pixis, and his bravery which is complete change), he plays VERY important role not just as strategist (Erwin also a strategist who severely injured mean time, but for the main protagonist progress), Armin is central role and balance between the trio (Eren and Mikasa). He is the core element of both characters but EXCLUSIVELY for Eren. Having said that, based from reviews, predictions and speculations, again, as a big fan of Armin, still, all I can see the chances are this, 95% Armin will not survive and 5% chance he prevails. Here some several points: The 95%:

1. External factor: Isayama is known as non stranger in killing main characters without hesitate and second thought. Throughout the series a lot of significant characters died. Wanton and unpredictable ending of any characters is his style. (Don't be titan hearted, Isayama! Not to Armin! Onegai Shimasu)

2. Armin's death is remarks strategic victory to humanity, for the time being, although not being aware including Eren. (It's Armin plan all the way). Some people say his death would be necessary and defeating colossal titan come with a big price - Eren's most precious friend. He's willing to sacrifice his life to buy time for Eren to execute his plan.

3. Due to his severe injury. Albeit not conclusive yet, high probability he will not survive because his injuries, the extreme heat from the Titan that crippled him as (graphicallly) he burned out his upper body and falling from about 50 m on rooftop is way convincing after all.

4. His survival will somehow kinked the storyline as a whole and looked cheap. (According to some critics)

The 5% chance that Armin will survive: 1. His death is not conclusive yet. Rumours say that Isayama warns reader not to jump into conclusion whether he is dead or alive until the next chapter. (There's a little hope).

2. Serum. Speculation of pro-Armin put faith on the Serum to be injected to Armin's body. But. Few things to point out here. Only Levi heichou have it in posession. Theres hope. However, Levi is on his own battle and distant from the scene. Another thing is, Erwin also could be saved with the serum, but the question is, who will Levi choose to be saved, Erwin or Armin if that the case?

3. Miracle happens. (Who knows)

My point on why Armin must SURVIVE:

1. He is a god damn HERO.

2. He is undoubtedly important STRATEGIST. Humanity need this. He's ability to deduce enemy strenght and weakness as well as crafting battle plan is INEVITABLE.

3. He is NON REPLACEBLE of Eren's sidekick. He nurture the wise part in Eren's character development. YOU JUST CANNOT DENY THIS. Eren is full of spirit but with Armin by the side, it provide balance to drive eren's courage and his strength optimized (not waste to unecessary act). He inspire Eren the most, and in crucial time. This differ from Mikasa, because for her, Eren is her inspiration. (Tatakae!!!) During intense situation, Armin always calming down Mikasa not to overreact, when Eren get into trouble.

4. He just wanted to see the ocean. He promised Eren and Mikasa. (I cannot do this part, I'm sorry)

5. The good side of Isayama. Rumours says that fan's support on SnK is overwhelming and go deep into his heart to turn away the ending of the series from his early plan. He feels like he do not wanted to make the fan being massively dissapointed and broke their heart. YOU BETTER BE, ISAYAMA. I'M COUNTING ON YOU. ONEGAI SHIMASU!!!

6. There will be no Arlert as he is the last surviving family member.

7. I just hope miracle happens. The trio survive till the end. It will dull and somehow meaningless even if Eren manage to see the outside world and the OCEAN while grieving for his life time BEST FRIEND not see it alive. T.T WIR SIND DIE ARMIN

June 24th, 2016. "

I can't believed I wrote this, haha! Therefore, after this, I will make post about SnK exclusively about theories and prediction as well. While it still last. When I rewatched all the episodes, I find that this anime is also poetic, and the soundtrack is inspiring.

Here's some of my favourite quotes:

何も捨てることができない人には; 何も変えることはできないだろう

Nani mo suteru koto ga dekinai hitoni wa; Nani mo kaeru koto wa dekinai darou

Maksud: Sesiapa yang tidak dapat melepaskan semua perkara penting buatnya, maka dia tidak akan berjaya membuat sebarang perubahan."

- Armin Arlert


この世界は残酷だ…
そして…とても美しい

Kono sekai wa zankoku nanda...
Soshite...totemo utsukushi
Maksud: Dunia ini sangat kejam...
Namun, ianya indah...
- Mikasa Ackerman

Well, that's that. I will write more spoilers of SnK.
So, itu sahaja dari saya. Sekali lagi, selamat menyambut Hari Raya Aidilfitri 2016, moga segala ibadah, puasa dan doa kita disepanjang bulan Ramadhan yang lalu diterima Allah. Dan saya doakan kalian dimurahkan rezeki dan dipermudahkan segala urusan.
Until then, Assalamualaikum. Peace!

LATARBELAKANG MASALAH KAJIAN VS. SOROTAN LITERATUR: KENALI PERBEZAANNYA

Apakah perbezaan di antara Latarbelakang Masalah Kajian dengan sorotan literatur?

1. Latarbelakang adalah: kompilasi maklumat yang cukup berdasarkan analisis ke atas argument atau masalah yang anda usulkan; dan langkah yang diperlukan untuk mencapai kepada rekabentuk dan implementasi penyelasaian dan hasil yang diperoleh.

2. Ianya merupakan hasil yang anda buat untuk menentukan bahawa ini adalah masalah, ini adalah langkah-langkah menyelesaikan masalah ini.

3. Ia memerlukan penyelidikan dan intepretasi yang betul terhadap kajian dan tidak ketinggalan citation untuk menyokong kajian yang telah dilakukan.

4. Pertama, mestilah memberikan gambaran yang umum terhadap topik tesis dan memperkenalkan idea idea yang teranyam yang akan digunakan di sepanjang penulisan tesis – ini sebolehnya mengambil kira-kira satu perenggan.

5. Kemudian, sediakan maklumat yang terperinci, yang tepat tentang metodologi/kaedah yang telah diselidiki; bergantung kepada topik individual, ianya mungkin beberapa perenggan.

6. Untuk mengelakkan plagiarism (ciplak), cite-kan sumber anda.

7. Perkenalkan eksperimen anda setelahnya dengan menghuraikan secara ringkas berkenaan metodologi yang telah digunakan dan tujuan metodologi yang anda mahu gunakan; dengan kata lain, mengapa perlu kaedah ini dan bukan yang lain?

Sorotan literatur kebiasaannya diletakkan pada Bab 2, dan ianya adalah kajian, pentelaahan hasil kerja orang lain di dalam bidang atau topik yang anda ingin kaji. Hasil kerja anda bukanlah 100% dari anda. Ianya adalah penambahbaikan terhadap hasil kerja orang terdahulu. Sorotan literatur adalah suatu cara untuk mempamerkan bahawa anda tidak mengulangi apa yang telah dilakukan tetapi anda sedang menambahbaik terhadap apa yang tersedia didapati.

Bab Latarbelakang adalah berfungsi sebagai persembahan kontekstual atau maklumat awal yang penting untuk memahami isi utama tesis anda. Mungkin, di sana terdapat sejarah pembentukan yang mencetuskan persoalan kajian anda. Mungkin di sana terdapat perdebatan terhadap istilah-istilah utamanya atau skop sub-kajian anda. Mungkin juga, anda ingin membawakan bersama beberapa disiplin ilmu lain, dan anda hendaklah menerangkan aspek mana pada setiap disiplin yang anda masukkan atau tidak dimasukkan.

Suatu Sorotan Literatur membina struktur konseptual yang menyimpulkan kesemua idea-idea pokok dari kesemua literatur yang berkaitan. ‘Struktur konseptual’ di sini bermaksud: suatu cara yang tersusun dalam menghubungkaitkan idea-idea yang berasingan supaya kepentingan relatif dan inter-relatif adalah jelas dan menonjol kepada pembaca. Apakah idea paling utamanya? Apakah idea yang menyokong idea utama tersebut? Apakah idea yang berlawanan dengannya? Atas asas apa orang memutuskan idea tersebut sama ada menyokong atau menolak?

Sorotan literatur pada kebiasaannya adalah lebih panjang dan ianya boleh jadi kesuluruhan hasil/artikel atau juzuk sesuatu tesis. Bahagian ‘Latarbelakang’ pada kebiasaannya pendek dan merupakan bahagian pertama artikel penyelidikan. Untuk sorotan literatur, anda seharusnya meneliti dengan ketat terhadap kesemua hasil kajian yang ada, menaksir penemuan yang penting di dalamnya, membincangkan dan mencari kerelevanan terhadapnya.

Review yang lemah: sekadar menyenaraikan hasil-hasil kajian dan dapatan mereka sahaja. Sebetulnya, anda boleh juga memasukkan hipotesis terutamanya apabila terdapatnya kontroversi. Sebagai contoh, lakukan pembezaan dari sudut metodologikal, terangkan kontroversi yang mungkin di dalam dapatan. Anda tidak seharusnya membuat ia terlalu panjang atau terlalu spekualsi yang syadid kerana anda perlu bergantung kepada literatur yang ada. Pada akhir sorotan literatur anda boleh beri sedikit soalan terbuka dan jaminan kajian lebih lanjut sekiranya review anda telah memberikan contoh kontroversi atau contoh kekurangan maklumat di dalam literatur.

Latarbelakang sewajarnya menerangkan secara lalu apa yang telah dilaporkan di dalam literatur setakat ini. Sepatutnya, anda telah mampu untuk mempersembahkan bahawa literatur sebelum ini terdapat semacam kekurangan ataupun memerlukan maklumat tertentu atau suatu kontroversi yang akan anda sampaikan di dalam kajian anda. Anda seharusnya menghuraikan mengapa keterkurangan maklumat tersebut atau kontroversi tersebut perlu diselesaikan. Walaubagaimanapun, anda perlu elakkan membuat hipotesis atau andaian di dalam latarbelakang. Kesemua itu perlu diletakkan pada bahagian perbincangan.

Rujukan:

1. https://www.quora.com/Theses-and-Dissertations/What-is-the-difference-between-background-of-study-and-literature-review

2. http://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/49582/the-difference-between-literature-review-and-background-sections-of-a-dissertati

KEPENTINGAN SOROTAN LITERATUR

Definisi Sorotan Literatur:

"Pemilihan dokumen-dokumen yang ada (diterbitkan atau tidak) terhadap topik, yang mengandungi maklumat, idea, data dan bukti yang ditulis dari suatu pendirian untuk memenuhi beberapa tujuan atau menunjukkan beberapa pandangan terhadap dasar topik berkenaan, bagaimana ia akan disiasat, serta penilaian secara efektif terhadap dokumen-dokumen ini dalam memperhubungkan dengan kajian yang sedang diusulkan."

1. Tanpanya, kita tidak dapat memperoleh kefahaman terhadap topik yang ingin kita kaji; apa yang telah dilakukan oleh pengkaji-pengkaji lain berkenaannya, bagaimana ia telah dikaji, dan apakah isu utamanya?

2. Penyelia menganggap anda telah faham dengan mantap kajian terdahulu topik anda.

3. SL akan mempersiapkan anda dengan kefahaman terhadap teori utama di dalam ruang subjek dan bagaimana ianya diaplikasikan serta dibangunkan, begitu juga dengan kritik utama yang telah dijalankan.

✎Teori utama (main theory)
✎Kritik utama (main critism)

4. Review atau sorotan itu sendiri adalah juzuk penting terhadap pembangunan akademik anda - dalam mencapai tahap yang mahir di dalam bidang berkenaan.


MERANGKA SOROTAN LITERATUR

1. Apabila kita berbicara tentang kualiti sesuatu review, ia tidak lari daripada suatu yang dipanggil sebagai 'annotated bibliography' - iaitu sekadar ringkasan tipis dalam pembacaan; dan ia bukan soratan literatur!

2. Kualiti bermaksud:

☕ Ruanglingkup yang bersesuaian - keluasannya dan kedalamannya

☕ Penelitian ketat dan konsistensi

☕ Kejelasan dan keringkasan susunannya

☕ Analisis dan sintesis yang mantap dan efektif; atau dengan kata lain, menggunakan idea-idea di dalam literatur untuk menjustifikasikan pendekatan yang berkaitan sahaja terhadap topik

☕ Pemilihan metod (kaedah)

☕ Dapat mendemonstrasikan bahawa kajian ini akan menyumbangkan sesuatu yang baharu.

KESARJANAAN

Sifat kesarjanaan perlu diterapkan sebelum membuat suatu penyelidikan; umpamanya, kita ingin merangka sebuah soal-selidik, maka, ianya bukanlah seperti membuat senarai 'shopping' akan tetapi perlu kepada pengamatan dan pengetahuan yang tuntas terhadap keseluruhan penyelidikan tersebut. Dengan kata lain, ianya bermaksud:

✎ Tahu bagaimana untuk menyatakan tujuan dan objektif kajian anda.
✎ Mendefinisikan konsep besar dan andaian metodologikal
✎ Mengoperasikan konsep-konsep tersebut dan metodologikal dengan memilih teknik yang secocok untuk mengumpul maklumat
✎ Mengetahui bagaimana anda akan menyatukan hasil-hasilnya.

Integrasi - kunci utama dalam kesarjanaan adalah integrasi. Integrasi di sini bermaksud:

✎ Membuat suatu perhubungan di antara idea-idea, teori-teori dan pengalaman-pengalaman.
✎ Mengaplikasikan satu metod atau kaedah dari suatu area kepada area lain: meletakkan episode kepada rangkakerja teoritikal yang lebih besar, oleh itu menyediakan sudut pandang baharu terhadap fenomenon yang dikaji.

Aktiviti kesarjanaan = berfikir secara sistematik

⚈ Mempersoal secara sistematik
⚈ Bertanya secara sistematik
⚈ Sikap yang teliti dan cermat (scrutinized attitude)

Ciri-ciri penulisan:

♦ Kejelasan (clarity)
♦ Tekal (consistence)
♦ Padu; bertalian secara logik (coherence)

Ciri-ciri di atas merupakan ciri penulisan yang terbaik, dan ia adalah sesuatu yang sangat sukar untuk dicapai dalam apa jua bentuk penugasan, tak kira seberapa panjang sekalipun. Walaubagaimanapun, ianya bukanlah misteri yang mustahil dikecapi, akan tetapi dua syarat yang perlu ada untuk mencapainya adalah:

(1) Mengekspresi secara gamblang di dalam penulisan;

(2) Komitmen secara gamblang di dalam pembacaan.

Pengenalan	Untuk menunjukkan tujuan, objektif, skop, rasional dan ciri rekabentuk kajian tersebut. Rasional biasanya disokong oleh rujukan-rujukan hasil kerja lain yang mana telah dikenalpasti akan permasalahan umumnya.
Sorotan Literatur	Untuk membentangkan kemahiran-kemahiran di dalam pencarian keperpustakaan; untuk menunjukkan penguasaan subjek area dan kefahaman terhadap permasalahan; untuk menjelaskan topik kajian, rekabentuk kajian dan metodologi.
Metodologi	Untuk mempersembahkan kesesuaian teknik yang digunapakai dalam mengumpul data dan pendekatan metodologikal yang diimplementasikan. Rujukan yang relevan dari literatur akan selalunya digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kefahaman akan teknik-teknik pengumpulan data dan implikasi metodologi, serta untuk menjustifikasikan kegunaannya terhadap teknik-teknik alternatif.

PERSOALAN-PERSOALAN DALAM MERANGKA SL

(1) Apakah teori, konsep dan idea penting?

(2) Apakah isu yang major dan perdebatan berkenaan topik?

(3) Apakah sumber permulaan dan definisi topik?

(4) Apakah soalan utama dan masalah utama yang telah diajukan sehingga saat ini?

(5) Bagaimana pengetahuan terhadap topik distrukturkan dan disusun?

(6) Bagaimana pendekatan-pendekatan terhadap persoalan-persoalan ini dapat menambah dan meningkatkan kefahaman dan pengetahuan?

TEACHING THINKING | Edward De bono

Teaching Thinking (Book) Edward De Bono
Vocabulary

1. Resentment. (Kebencian; rasa geram)

A feeling of displeasure or indignation at someone or something regarded as the cause of injury or insult; pique; irritation.

Suatu perasaan tidak senang atau yang menyebabkan rasa mara terhadap seseorang atau sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai punca kecederaan atau cacimakian; menyebabkan orang berasa marah; merengsakan.

Ayat: Thinking is a most awkward subject to handle. It always involves resenment.

2. Temperament. (watak, sifat)

An individual's character, disposition, and tendencies as revealed in his reactions.

Sifat peribadi, watak, dan kecenderungan sepertimana yang ditonjolkan melalui perbuatannya.

Ayat: The fundamental human thinking operations seem very similar, even though the overlying temperament and behaviour may be different.


3. Sage. (Orang yang bijaksana; bijakpandai)

One venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom.

Orang yang muktabar, terhormat atas pengalaman, penghakiman, dan kebijaksanaan.

Ayat: I had been led to believe by various sages in the education field that teachers and heads would resent (marah, tersinggung) any attempt to treat thinking as a skill.


4. Innate. (Asli)

Existing naturally or by heredity rather than being learned through experience

Wujud secara semulajadi atau melalui perwarisan; bukan pembelajaran melalui pengalaman.

Ayat: On the contrary, there has been a very positive response, based on a feeling that thinking skill was not quite the same as accumulation of knowledge or innate intelligence.


5. Absurd. (Tidak masuk akal)

Extremely unreasonable, incongruous, or inappropriate

Sangat tidak masuk akal, tidak layak/sesuai atau tidak sepatutnya.

Ayat: It would be absurd to pretend that only newness had value.


6. Eschewing. (Menghindari)

To avoid using, accepting, participating in, or partaking of; to refrain; abstain from

Untuk mengelakkan menggunakan, menerima, menyertai atau mengambil bahagian; menahan diri; menjauhkan diri.

Ayat: I see no reason for eschewing those aspects upon which most people agreed.


7. Intrigue. (Muslihat; tipu daya)

A secret or underhand scheme; a plot.

Suatu rahsia atau skim yang tersembunyi; suatu perancangan muslihat.

Ayat: Above all I wanted to avoid the sort of book which might intrigue the reader.


8. Pompous. (Sombong; angkuh)

Exaggeratedly or ostentatiously dignified or self-important.

Membesar-besarkan dengan berlebihan atau berlebih megah atau megah diri.

Ayat: We would call it 'cognitive studies' but that would be jargon and pompous.


9. Complacent. (Berpuas hati)

Satisfied with the current situation and unconcerned with changing it, often to the point of smugness

Berpuas hati dengan situasi semasa dan tidak mengendahkan akan sebarang perubahan padanya, selalunya ke arah kesombongan.

Ayat: We are complacent.


10. Vague. [vaeg] (Samar-samar)

Not clear in meaning or expression; inexplicit

Tidak jelas maknanya atau zahirnya; tidak terang-terangan.

Ayat: On the surface of the earth, however, most situations are vague, interrelated, subjectively defined, shifting in value and dependant on human whims.


11. Whims. (Tingkah; ragam)

A sudden or capricious idea; a fancy.

Idea yang tiba-tiba, mengejut dan berubah-ubah; bermacam-macam.

Ayat: On the surface of the earth, however, most situations are vague, interrelated, subjectively defined, shifting in value and dependant on human whims.


12. Adoration. (pemujaan)

The act of worship; profound love or regard.

Tindakan memuja, kecintaan yang mendasar.

Ayat: There are three reasons for our adoration of the critical intelligence.


13. Self-Contained. (serba lengkap)

Constituting a complete and independent unit in and of itself.

Mengandungi unit yang lengkap dan bebas di dalam dan padanya (sesuatu).

Ayat: Secondly, critical thinking allows us to work in the comfortable self-contained environment of the available data without having to worry about getting fresh data.


14. Ecclesiastical. [ek-li-sias-ti-kal] (bersifat kegerejaan)

Of or relating to a church, especially as an organized institution.

Berkaitan dengan gereja, terutamanya sebagai sebuah institusi berorganisasi.

Ayat: Thirdly, education was for a long time in the hands of the ecclesiastical authorities who founded most of our elite educational establishments and so established the traditions of education.


15. Edifices. [e-di-fi-ses] (bangunan-bangunan)

A building, especially one of imposing appearance or size

Suatu bangunan, terutamanya yang menonjolkan zahirnya atau saiznya.

Ayat: Critical thinking is of paramount importance in the ecclesiastical world since it is the only weapon against heresy (bid'ah) and deviation and since that world consists of concept edifices which must have internal validity if they are not to collapse.


16. Extol. (memuji dengan keagungan)

To praise highly, lavishly; exalt

Untuk memuji dengan tinggi, keagungan, memperdewakan.

Ayat: We rightly extol scholarship because scholarship is valuable and because scholars are what the system prides itself on producing.


17. Contemplative. (tafakkur, berfikir dalam)

Expressing or involving prolonged thought

Menunjukkan perasaan atau melibatkan di dalam keadaan berfikir panjang.

Ayat: But passive, contemplative thinking - nor matter how subtle (sin. delicate-halus) or acute (perih) - is not the same as generative thinking.

Konsep Archway Affect:

"If a stream of brilliant people go towards an archway, then from that archway will emerge a stream of brilliant people, even if the archway has done no more than straddle their passage."

Konsep Generative Thinking:

"Generative thinking is concerned with bringing things about and solving problems. Generative thinking is practical, creative and constructive. Generative thinking has to deal with the world and take action, even if, the knowledge is incomplete. Generative thinking cannot ask the world to wait while it applies itself in scholarly fashion to generating that sufficiency of knowledge on which action can properly be based."

Kata Untuk Difikirkan Matematik membuatkan kita berfikir, tetapi...:

"Where we can use mathematics it is superb thinking system. But getting to the moon is easier than solving urban poverty, juvenile deliquency or even a simple strike."

Kata Untuk Difikirkan (Edward) Tuhan tidak memerlukan untuk befikir, akan tetapi...:

"God does not need to think: thinking is used only to supplement inadequate knowledge. Too often there is a god-like attitude in education. If only we could increase knowledge then we would throw out doubt, indecision and problems."

Kata Untuk Difikirkan Pendidikan hanya ajarkan pengetahuan, kerana tiada apa lagi yang dapat diajarkan...:

"Education teaches knowledge because there is nothing else to teach. But knowledge is no more a subtitute for thinking than thinking is a subtitute for knowledge."

Analogi Salah tanggap tentang kemahiran berfikir:

"We often mistake fluency and argumentation for thinking skill. Fluency and the power of coherent expression are tools of thinking, not thinking itself. Error-free thinking is not necessarily good thinking, as will be discussed in detail later. Very able pupils usually react to an idea by making an initial judgement ('I like it', 'It will never work', and so on). They then use reason and skilled argument to back up initial judgement. The argument may be flawless, yet the thinking may be appalling beacuse it includes those major perceptual errors of looking at only part of the situations or ignoring the magnitude of effects. We also confuse debating skills with thinking: 'I can prove you wrong, therefore I am right.'"